Collaborative Accessibility: How Blind and Sighted Companions Co-Create Accessible Home Spaces
Summary:
The authors of the paper expanded the concept of abilities design to not only study the specific user group, but also how that design is collaboratively used in an environment with other users. The authors found that tools/user interfaces are not only used by the visually impaired user but also used by their partners who are non-visually impaired. The interaction goes beyond just the interface for a blind person and also impacts their relationships. The article calls this collaborative accessibility where, “family members, friends, acquaintances, or strangers help (or hinder) accessibility.(3)”
For example, one blind participant added Braille indicators to the microwave, but there family found that it interfered with their ability to use the microwave and had to remove it.
The researchers and paper also had additional evidence of where HCI has been only focused on creating environments and user interfaces for blind people to be independent, and that further research had to be done on how they can collaborate better in environments with the non-visually impaired.
Reflection:
This was an eye opening research paper. I too had only viewed HCI and the visually impaired as a way to help them live independently; however, this is a narrow focus and HCI needs to adapt a more social outlook.
Relationships between humans can be very difficult as we all have our own unique perspectives formed from the different tactile sense we have and our unique past experiences. The researchers made great points about how sharing in an experiences is an important part of relationship building. HCI should focus on how can we design experiences for users with different impairments to both share in an experience.
I can not say that I understand the challenges of living with a visually impaired partner, but I have also faced similar situations. My husband is very visually impaired without his glasses. If I don’t find his glasses and place them buy his bed side, he won’t be able to find them in the morning. I can relate to the staging of the environment mentioned in the article.
Knowing this and the already struggles of a relationship with another sighted person, the article made me value my own relationships. I felt very sad, as I couldn’t imagine not sharing the joy in watching a movie together.
I’m glad that I read this article and now have a new appreciation for my own experiences and inspiration to focus future HCI on social experiences to improve relationships.
“Just Let the Cane Hit It”: How the Blind and Sighted See Navigation Differently
Summary:
“Never trust sighted people.” This is a quote jokingly said by a participant of the study; however, it’s provides great framing for how the visually impaired really feel when being guided by a sighted person.
The authors of this paper, tried to solve just that. How can a sighted person guide a visually impaired person better? Sighted people often do the following behavior that is not productive and even dangerous when guiding the visually impaired.
1) Grap them – This is very dangerous as it can cause them to fall, also sighted people need to realize that blind people are suppose to bump into objects using their sticks so that they can establish boundaries.
2) Shouting at them/ambiguity– Blind people find this off putting and often the terms shouted our to ambitious to follow. For example shouting, “over here!”
3) Guide users to wide open paths– Sighted people thing that having no obstacles is best for a blind walker; however, having barriers such as sidewalks or other obstacles help them oriented themselves better. It is much more difficult to walk in a straight line without barriers.
4) Timing/orientation– sighted people didn’t know when to give clues and often didn’t give correct direction. For example confusing right/left and miscalculating exact steps/feet.
Researchers did find that participants were able to adapt to each other eventually and “speak their language.” Meaning that over time a sighted person can learn to give better verbal clues. The findings in this paper can then be applied in building assistive technology for guiding the visually impaired.
Reflections:
The article also focused on the social aspect of interactive in the same environment with the visually impaired.
This article gave good insight into how I, as a sighted person, can understand how blind people navigate spaces. Understanding key aspects, such as not removing all obstacles can then be implemented in designing assistive technology.
By studying and interacting with your user base you can begin to construct their mental model and then apply this to your own research. One important insight is that communication was key to learning both for the sighted and visually impaired person to adapt to each other. This makes me wonder if technology will ever have the intelligence to adapt in real time and take corrective actions based off of previous mistakes and emotions.
It seemed that the sighted person had to make many judgement calls minute by minute. Is this obstacle harmful or necessary? Should I allow them to bump into the grass? Would a robot or other technology be able to make this quick situation judgement calls? Can it respond to the emotional distress or wants of the user?
For example, when Garmin was first widely used, it was a joke that it used to routinely send you through the ghetto. This is because it is often shorter to drive through the city then take freeways. Garmin thought the shortest path was the best, but could not take into account situations which the driver may want to avoid.
Sharing is Caring: Assistive Technology Designs on Thingiverse
Summary:
As many users have faced unique challenges, a “do-it yourself” attitude has been embraced by the assistive technology community. This can lead to many people creating their own tools and modifications. With the revolutions of the open-source community and at home 3-D printing, assistive technology has also progressed. The authors of this paper researched a popular website for opensource 3-D printing called Thingiverse.
The paper focused on what types of assistive technology was being developed and who was developing this technology and why?
The authors analyzed 363 designs by 273 designers and found the following:
The category with the most designs was tools for “medication management, which had 130 things of the total 363 and was dominated by pill boxes, bottles, dispensers and accessories like tops and dividers. ” They also found that the next most popular was prosthetic limbs.
They also found that many of the designers were not like the users and that they were designing for and also developed for different reasons, ranging from research projects to wanting to help a friend.
Reflection:
http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:33815
For my reflection, I wanted to do my own research of Thingiverse. I found it difficult to find many things even after typing in multiple search words, for example assistive, prosthetic, etc.
One of the coolest items I did find was the one armed nail clipper which is featured in the video above. It’s a great simple and cost effective design. It also could be universally used as it is difficult for any user to clip their own nails. It could also be used for the elderly as many have difficult holding nail clippers and reaching their toe nails.
One great aspect to the Thingiverse community this that users can give direct feedback to the developers. The developers can then directly communicate with the users and make tweaks and update the current design. Another great aspect that I’d like to point out is that 3D printing is a great way to prototype as it is cost efficient and can quickly create new models.